OPTIONS STRATEGIES·INCOME·1 LEG + STOCK

Covered call

Hold stock and write a call against it. Reduces your cost basis and generates income, but caps upside above the strike. Most common income strategy.

INPUTS
Underlying price
$
Centers the payoff chart and computes P&L at this price.
Stock position
Shares
Entry
$
LEGS
Short call
Type
Side
Strike
$
Qty
Premium
$
RESULT
BE $98.50spot $100.00
$60.001 strike$140.00
P&L at current spot (expiry)
+$150
Net debit−$9,850
Max profit+$650
Max loss−$9,850
Breakeven$98.50
Risk / reward0.07 : 1
Stock cost basis+$10,000
Premium received+$150
RISK PROFILE
Max profit
(Strike − stock entry) × shares + premium
Max loss
(Stock entry × shares) − premium received
Breakeven
Stock entry − (premium ÷ shares)
HOW IT WORKS

How a covered call works

A covered call is two positions held together: 100 shares you already own, and one call sold against them. The premium you collect is yours immediately. In exchange you have agreed to sell those shares at the strike price if the buyer exercises, which caps your upside at that strike.

The word "covered" matters. Selling a call on its own carries theoretically unlimited risk, because you would have to buy shares at any price to deliver them. Owning the shares removes that — the worst case is that your stock gets called away at a price you chose in advance. What you are really selling is the portion of the upside above the strike.

This makes it an income position rather than a directional one. It performs best when the stock is flat to modestly higher, and the premium provides a small cushion against a decline. It does not protect you in a real selloff: a stock that falls 30% falls 30% whether or not you collected a dollar of premium.

WORKED EXAMPLE

A worked example

You own 100 shares of XYZ bought at $100, a $10,000 cost basis. XYZ trades at $100 today. You sell one $105 call expiring in 30 days and collect $2.00 per share.

Credit received
$2.00 × 100 = $200, kept in all outcomes
Breakeven on the stock
$100 basis − $2.00 = $98.00
At expiry, XYZ = $110
Called away at $105: $500 stock gain + $200 premium = +$700, capped
At expiry, XYZ = $100
Call expires worthless, keep shares and $200
At expiry, XYZ = $90
−$1,000 on the stock + $200 premium = −$800

The $110 outcome is the one to sit with. You made $700 where holding the shares outright would have made $1,000. The $300 difference is what you sold — and you sold it before you knew whether you would want it.

FIT

When a covered call fits — and when it doesn't

Consider it when
  • You are neutral to mildly bullish on a stock you already hold and intend to keep.
  • You would genuinely be content selling at the strike — treat it as a limit order you get paid to place.
  • Implied volatility is elevated, so the premium you collect is worth the upside you give up.
Think twice when
  • You expect a large move up. Capping the upside is the whole cost of the trade and a sharp rally is exactly when it hurts.
  • You are holding through an earnings report or another binary event where the stock could gap well past the strike.
  • The premium is negligible. If the credit is a rounding error you have given away the upside for nothing.
FAQ

Common questions

What happens if my covered call is assigned?

Your 100 shares are sold at the strike price and you keep the premium. Assignment is not a loss — it is the outcome you agreed to when you sold the call, and it is usually the maximum profit for the position.

Can I lose money on a covered call?

Yes, through the stock. The premium lowers your breakeven slightly but the downside is essentially the same as owning the shares. A covered call is an income strategy, not a hedge.

Which strike should I sell?

Higher strikes collect less premium but leave more upside and are less likely to be assigned; closer strikes collect more and cap you sooner. The practical test is whether you would be happy selling your shares at that strike.

What is the difference between a covered call and a cash-secured put?

The risk and payoff profiles are near-identical at the same strike and expiry. The difference is what you start with: a covered call begins with shares you own, a cash-secured put begins with cash set aside to buy them.

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